First Aid for Angina Pectoris

Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden chest pain or discomfort due to insufficient coronary blood flow, leading to temporary myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. It is often a warning sign of underlying coronary artery disease.

Recognizing Angina Pectoris

Key Symptoms:

• Chest Pain: Paroxysmal, squeezing pain behind the sternum, often radiating to the precordial area and left upper extremity.
• Triggers: Pain typically occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress.
• Duration: Episodes last 3-5 minutes and resolve with rest or nitrate therapy.
• Frequency: May occur once every few days or several times a day.

Other Causes:

While coronary artery disease is the primary cause, other heart conditions or uncontrolled high blood pressure can also lead to angina.

Self-Help Measures

If you experience angina symptoms:
1. Stop Activity: Cease all physical activity immediately and lie down or sit in a comfortable position.
2. Relax: Loosen tight clothing, stay warm, and avoid stress.
3. Nitroglycerin: Place 1-2 nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue (do not swallow). Relief usually occurs within 1-2 minutes and lasts up to 30 minutes.

First Aid at Home

If someone near you experiences angina symptoms:

1. Rest: Ensure the person stops all activities and lies down or sits comfortably.
2. Administer Nitroglycerin:
3. Place 1-2 tablets under the tongue. Relief typically occurs within 5 minutes and lasts up to 2 hours.
4. Alternatively, crush amyl nitrite in a handkerchief and have the person sniff it. Effects occur within 1-15 seconds but may cause side effects like headache or flushing. Avoid in hypertensive heart disease.
5. Acupressure: If no medication is available, gently pinch the Neiguan acupoint (2 inches above the wrist on the forearm, between the two tendons) or press the painful area of the arm.
6. Apply Heat: Use a warm towel on the chest to alleviate discomfort.
7. Oxygen: If available, provide supplemental oxygen.
8. Seek Medical Attention: After symptoms subside, visit a hospital for further evaluation.

Important Notes

• Do Not Delay: Angina can be a precursor to a heart attack. Prompt action is critical.
• Avoid Overexertion: Do not allow the person to resume activity until cleared by a healthcare provider.
• Monitor Symptoms: If pain persists or worsens, call emergency services immediately.

This guide is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.