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MRI Advantages, Safety Considerations, and Patient Preparation
MRI Advantages, Safety Considerations, and Patient Preparation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has matured into a core diagnostic platform since the…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles, Capabilities, and Clinical Impact
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles, Capabilities, and Clinical Impact Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a central pillar of modern diagnostic…
CT Evaluation of Intervertebral Disc Herniation and Degenerative Change
CT Evaluation of Intervertebral Disc Herniation and Degenerative Change Intervertebral disc herniation represents displacement of nucleus pulposus material through defects…
Normal CT Anatomy of the Spinal Canal, Intervertebral Discs, and Spinal Cord
Normal CT Anatomy of the Spinal Canal, Intervertebral Discs, and Spinal Cord Understanding the normal cross‑sectional anatomy of the spine…
Spiral (Helical) CT: Principles, Performance Advantages, and Limitations
Spiral (Helical) CT: Principles, Performance Advantages, and Limitations 1. Introduction Spiral (helical) CT introduced continuous gantry rotation combined with uninterrupted…
Evolution of Computed Tomography (CT)
Evolution of Computed Tomography (CT): From First Generation to Photon-Counting Systems 1. Introduction Computed Tomography (CT) transformed diagnostic imaging by…
X‑Ray Examination Methods
X‑Ray Examination Methods: Principles, Clinical Utility, and Modern Evolution 1. Overview X‑ray imaging encompasses multiple acquisition strategies tailored to anatomical…
Congenital Infections (TORCH and Related Pathogens)
Congenital Infections (TORCH and Related Pathogens): Teratogenic Mechanisms, Screening, and Prevention 1. Overview Congenital infections contribute significantly to fetal structural…