An exploration of vaccines, their evolution, methodologies, and transformative role in preventing and treating diseases.
Introduction Being diagnosed with acute leukemia can be overwhelming. Beyond medical treatment, understanding how to care for your body, reduce…
Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Causes, Pathogenesis, and Management Gallstones, or cholelithiasis, are crystalline concretions that form in the biliary tract, most often…
Peptic Ulcer Disease: Overview, Pathogenesis, and Management Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) refers to chronic, recurrent ulcers of the gastric and…
Peptic Ulcer Disease: Causes, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) refers to chronic, recurrent ulcers that affect the…
Key Points COPD is a progressive respiratory disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. Major risk factors include…
Key Points Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Acute exacerbations require…
Key Points GERD results from reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus due to lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Clinical manifestations…
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common chronic condition characterized by the reflux of stomach and…
Emphysema: Overview Emphysema is a chronic, progressive form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by irreversible enlargement of the…
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